Creativity in schools is limited by narrow definitions and systemic pressures that tend toward standardization at a time when the need for flexible creative mindsets has never been greater. The paradox uncovered in this research, that students may underestimate their creative problem-solving ability even as they practice it more effectively, exacerbates the complexity of fostering creative confidence. The Mutualistic Model of Creativity inspired by this research emphasizes that creativity cannot be taught as product; rather, creative flow flourishes in an environment that nurtures multiple, interlocking strategies centered on creative thought, student agency and low-stakes risk-taking.
